Materials
cow skin
ICH Materials 50
Photos
(12)-
Leatherwork
Kyrgyzstan
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Process of cutting the leather
Kyrgyzstan
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Household items made of leather
Kyrgyzstan
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Ou:zi (Pot Drum)
Padauk wood is mostly used to make Ou:zi or pot-drum. But, the most proper wood for making Ou:zi is Pon-yi-taung-sawood that is the big tree. The leather of Ou:zi is mainly made of tough cow-hide.The Ou:zi drum-headed of Myanmar ethnic groups are made of youngox-hide and buffalo skin which is tightly stretched over the round frame of Ou:zi. Ou:zi looks like aclay toy of pitcher or a small pot (round pot that was a toy for children),the middle portion is(waisted) shaped to fit round the waist, (with the neck in the middle) and the other side is the folding lip on the head. The wood have to be made a hollow like the following picture, and the leather is stretched on the head. It has to be played by sticking the tuning dough (Pat-sa) to its drum-head.\nThe upper part of Ou:zi is called "Ohn" or "Ou:-lone" in Myanmar. It is tightly stretched with the leather by tightening with cord.
Myanmar -
DOIRACOZI
Craft of making doira (a percussion musical instrument). Masters make doira from light wood and cover that with skin of animals, like ship, goat and cow.
Tajikistan -
DOIRACOZI
Craft of making doira (a percussion musical instrument). Masters make doira from light wood and cover that with skin of animals, like ship, goat and cow.
Tajikistan -
A Sein (Vzong) Manau Si, Manau Drum
Soft wood has to be made hollow and skin ( deer, cow ) is covered at the top of it. It is tightly tied with cane string. Body of it is decorated with the shape of patterns, animals and trees. The playing surface is played with hands to produce sound. Manau drum is slung on the Manau pillar in the middle of Manau ground and it can be played hands. It is played together with gong.\n-5 feet 2 inches in Length\n-3 feet 9 inches in Girth\n-2 feet 5 inches in Width .\n-1 feet 1 inches in Diameter of right playing surface\n-3 feet 4 inches in Girth of playing left surface\n-1 feet in Diameter of left playing surface\n-3 feet 4 inches in Girth of playing left surface
Myanmar -
Karean Harp (Nar Dane or the kind of string instrument)
The body of the harp is made of good quality Padauk wood. It is not as same as the Myanmar Harp because it is curved in the shape of the hull of a boat. The arm of the harp is made of PJn:ma (kind of large timber tree/ larger stroemiaspecion). The floral scroll-work is curved at the top of the arm and the square shape of the peg is used to tune the strings of harp. The reed of the harp is made of cutch wood. The body of young cow’s skin is covered the body of sound body. There are nine harp strings that are put on it. The creeper strings and the cane strings were yarned together as the harp strings which were used in the past time. Nowadays, steel strings are put on as the harp strings. When making the Karean harp ,first, go to the deep forest and make offering consisting of hands of bananas, coconut etc. The harp is made to be finished in the forest. Before putting the strings on it, it has to be made to gain magical power using star-flower, jasmine, the rock dammar flower, the frangipani flower, the vachellia flower (kind of fragrant flower) and the tiger-lady (species of orchid ). After making the harp, women don’t touch and hold it to make it more magical power according to Karean’s Tradition or custom. \nThe playing method of the Karean Harp is easy and simple. It can be easily learned to play by hearing musical scale up and down when the skillful player is playing it. After tuning the harp strings, it is held tenderly to the bosom. Left hand is placed with five or six strings for opening and closing tunes. The rest of one to four strings have to be played with the right thumb and forefinger.
Myanmar -
Lawraw Zen Manau Si (Lawraw Manau drum)
Grandfathers of Lawngwaw people stayed on the moon. When they held offering ceremony of moon edifice, they played Zen instrument. They played Zen Manau drum is played to celebrate Zen Gaw ceremony annually by preserving their tradition. \nTaun Ta Mar wood is made hollow body and two playing surface is covered cow’s skin. Yarn cane fibers put on to make cown’s skin tied and loose. The pictures of moon and sun paint the body of Zen. The striker is struck the drum face to produce song. It is chainging to play according to dancing pattern. It is played Zen Kaw ceremony and when grandparents dead ,their sprits sent to moon. \n-5 feet 4 inches in Length\n-4 feet 10 inches in Girth\n-1 feet 3 inches in Diameter of right drum face\n-4 feet 2 inches in Circumference of right drum surface\n-1 feet 2 inches in Diameter of left drum face\n-4 feet 2 inches in Circumference of left drum surface
Myanmar -
Phar-Si (Ceremonial bronze drum used by Kayin people)
There are two kinds of Phar-Si drums that are male drum and female drum. Female drum is a normal drum that we have seen. Male drum is different from the normal drum because it is the part of shape of the half body drum. The perimeter of playing surface is made of the big circular shapes. It is positioned the shape of one to five frogs. It features four frogs on the perimeter of playing surface with clockwise direction. It is made not only the shape of frog but also the shape of other small animals, the shape of paddy and banyan leaf and the shape of the sun rays that spread out all direction. Two frogs from right and two frogs from left are made face to face in the playing surface that is called an inauspicious drum. It is made of bronze, alloy of gold, silver, lead and Zinc. It can be played together with hands. Right hand hits the surface of drum and left hand has to be played by stooping to go under the drum with thin stick or bamboo fiber. There are two kinds of drums that are auspicious drum and inauspicious drum. The auspicious drum is during solar eclipse, moon eclipse, the wedding ceremony, happy new year ceremony and funfair. The inauspicious drum is played at funeral and the collection of the dead people bones.\n-2 feet 5 inches in length\n-18 inches the diameter of tip\n-13 inches in length that is covered the cow skin
Myanmar -
Rakhine Ozi (Pot Drum)
Padauk wood is used to make the body and two drumheads are covered with cow-skin and goat skin. The wood has to make a hollow and cow skin or goat skin is tightly stretched over the round frame of Ozi. The leather must be tightly tied with the strings of jute fibers. According to the song, it can be played with hand. It has to play together with the cymbals and gong.\n-3 feet in length\n-10 inches in circumference of drumhead\n-3 feet 2 inches in the girth of Ozi\n-1 feet 5 inches in the girth of body\n-3 feet in the bottom circumference
Myanmar -
Rakhine Si Do (Rakhine Royal Drum)
By using Rakhine Royal Drum was found at the period of Visali of the king of Chandra. At the time of king Chandra, the lyrical ode of the crown-princess Saw Pyae Nyo was played with the various kinds of instruments. Long-drum and Than-Lwin-drum contained in this instruments.In the Myanmar era of 897 ( 1535 AD) when was called Lay Myoe Age, King Min Bar built Yan Aung Zaya Chittaung stupa with a vaulted vase. Rakhine oil lamp dance, Shawl dance, Powewar dance, the sports of Mrauk.U period such as the posture of wrestling, boxing, the stick martial art and the figures in the posture of playing the Rakhine musical instruments such as the Rakhine Duelong Harp, bamboo pipes wind instrument, melodious small drum, hand-cymbals, cymbals၊ horn, long drum, Marlakhon fiddle, the bugle , the cymbal and the flute were sculpted as the ancient supporting evidences of Rakhine long drum on the western wall of the second tunnel of Shittaung pagoda.. Rakhine nationality mostly used long-drum. According to the ceremony, the drum which is used to celebrate pagoda festival is called Mu-Yoe Drum. Pan-taja drum is used for the wedding ceremony and the ceremony of propitiate nats. Khat- Ttin drum is used for the funeral ceremony . Si- Byaw( kind of long drum ) is used to play the novitiated ceremony. One- headed drum is used for ceremony of pulling gharry. Kyin-drum is used for the posture of wrestling. There are fourteen kinds of Rakhine drum. They are Mhyaut drum, Than-Lwin drum, Mu-Yoe drum ( Si-Pyaw ), Singal-headed small drum, Big drum (Shan si) , Donmin drum , Si Pataung drum, Si wun drum , Melodious small drum, One-headed drum, Pan:taya: si drum, Pat Si drum (Kyin si), Si chay drum, Si ai drum. According to the song, it can be played with hands. The song which produces the sound of Byane from cow skin and the sound of harp from goat skin. It can be played not only hand but also stick. Rakhine royal drum is played together with cymbals, gong, jingle bell and conch-shell.\nPadauk wood is used to make the body of Rakhine royal drum and the either sides of two drumheads are covered with cow-skin and goatskin. The Padauk wood has to made hollow and the either side of cow skin and goat skin are tightly stretched on the drum heads. Both two drumheads can be played. The leather must be tightly tied with the string of gunny twine. \n-2 feet 3 inches in Length\n-3 feet 5 inches in the girth\n-1 feet in the diameter of drumhead (site of cow skin)\n-11 inches in the diameter of drumhead ( site of goat skin)
Myanmar