In Fiji, fermented coconut (kota) is consumed as a condiment to meals especially fish and seafood including vegetable salad to add flavor. \n\nIt tastes great with seafood, it blends well with nama (sea grapes) and food cooked in coconut milk. \n\nIt is a source of income to most families in maritime islands and coastal areas.\n\nThe health benefits of fermented coconut are anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-aging properties; it nourishes body cells the food it needs to stay in optimal health especially the brain! Thus community elders have longer life span cycle compared to others. \n

Maqom is a unique art that has collected a large number of musical works and has developed over the centuries thanks to the work of folk poets and philosophers, composers, singers and musicians. In 2008, UNESCO recognized Shashmaqom as the intangible cultural heritage of mankind. The resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers notes that, starting from 2022, the Festival will be held in the month of May, every 2 years.The festival is expected to be attended by young performers under the age of 30, as well as folklore groups not exceeding 15 people. The selection competition will be held in 2 directions: vocal and instrumental art. Festival organizers: The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Agency for Youth Affairs, the Uzbek National Art Center "Maqom", as well as the administration of the Bukhara region.

Maqom is a unique art that has collected a large number of musical works and has developed over the centuries thanks to the work of folk poets and philosophers, composers, singers and musicians. In 2008, UNESCO recognized Shashmaqom as the intangible cultural heritage of mankind. The resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers notes that, starting from 2022, the Festival will be held in the month of May, every 2 years.The festival is expected to be attended by young performers under the age of 30, as well as folklore groups not exceeding 15 people. The selection competition will be held in 2 directions: vocal and instrumental art. Festival organizers: The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Agency for Youth Affairs, the Uzbek National Art Center "Maqom", as well as the administration of the Bukhara region.

Maqom is a unique art that has collected a large number of musical works and has developed over the centuries thanks to the work of folk poets and philosophers, composers, singers and musicians. In 2008, UNESCO recognized Shashmaqom as the intangible cultural heritage of mankind. The resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers notes that, starting from 2022, the Festival will be held in the month of May, every 2 years.The festival is expected to be attended by young performers under the age of 30, as well as folklore groups not exceeding 15 people. The selection competition will be held in 2 directions: vocal and instrumental art. Festival organizers: The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Agency for Youth Affairs, the Uzbek National Art Center "Maqom", as well as the administration of the Bukhara region.\n\n

The people of Qoma for generations have been traditional fisherfolk for the Ratu mai Verata, the overlord of Verata, an ancient kingdom in today’s Tailevu province. \nThey also serve the Ratu mai Dawasamu and are administratively under the Ratu of Namena with the present system of provincial administration. All come under today’s Tailevu province on eastern mainland Vitilevu.\n\nThey are renown for their traditional knowledge of fishing in observing the ocean currents, wind direction, the sky, understanding their fishing zones, the seasonal and temporal nature of fishing activities.\nIt is their traditional obligation to present turtle to the chiefs of Verata and Dawasamu. There are established traditional protocols; from catching turtle to its presentation process, its taboos and strict adherence to elders who will be leading the delegation.

Lialiaci is a publication of the iTaukei Institute of Language and Culture, Ministry of iTaukei Affairs. \nLialiaci means to ponder or reflect upon deeply. \nThat is the intent of these articles and perspectives on culture. \n\nThe publication has 3 articles:\n1. Bulu, The Spirit World by Anasa Tawake\n\nThis brief research will try to explain Bulu or the iTaukei concept of the spirit world.\nIt is important to define Bulu or the spirit world because it can be a foundation to which our beliefs are derived from. It is understood that our culture is ‘fixated on Bulu’ (Sekove Bigitibau). If this is so, then our culture, customs and ethos are focused towards the spirit world known as Bulu. Prior to Christianity, who’s to say that the beliefs of our ancestors were inaccurate? It is a common belief that Christianity was the best thing to happen to our vanua. On the contrary, Christianity brought about the demonization of iTaukei belief system. At the offset, the missionaries knew that there was an existing belief system unfortunately they chose to disregard this and not use it as a foundation for Christian faith.\n\n2.The Sunken island by Inoki Kaloumaira:\nA few islands in Fiji and the Pacific are said to have submerged in the last hundred to thousand years ago. The island of Vuniivilevu is believed to have submerged in the year AD1200 in the Motoriki waters, Lomaiviti (2005). It is one of the islands that is regarded to have been inhabited first before other settlers arrived. Early migrants were said to be tall, muscular and tough and this could be proven with the skeleton that was found in Naturuku, Motoriki in 2002. What was also remarkable about this skeleton was the excellent state of preservation of the skull. It was of a female who would’ve been tall, muscular and tough and was believed to have lived in Motoriki around 800BC (2007). \n\n3. Ancient Sounds in Fiji by Ulaiasi Taoi:\nAncient sounds in Fiji is still echoed in traditional chant, traditional dances, polyphony, and sacred psalms. It is found to be unique from western sounds and sounds in many parts of the world. Most current Fijian music has adopted western sounds, this includes church hymns, folk songs, serenades, and also Tongan sounds which is practiced in serevakalau known as Polotu and also pesi (Lauan folksongs). Aporosa a traditional cartographer form Beqa stated that there was no Fijian alphabet, but instead was the practice of oral transmission through traditional dances. Lyrics, cartographer and sound were transmitted through vision (Bulivou, 1985). Once ancient sounds were not composed, it was inherently transmitted through the vanua as a gift, and intrinsically maintained its mana in the vanua livelihood. \n\n\n\n \n

Traditional knowledge has been receiving more attention due to its recognized potential. However, for sometime, the word traditional was generally seen as synonymous to old or outdated. Toward the end of the twentieth century, the many problems facing modern society—including environmental degradation and dehumanization—got many people to question the limits of the so-called modern approach to the world. In post-modernist discourse, a central task has been to overcome the negative side of modernity in the fields of not only the arts and humanities but also social, natural, and applied sciences. And many are looking to traditional knowledge or intangible cultural heritage for alternatives. Re-examining, reinterpreting, and applying traditional knowledge in a contemporary context often leads to viable solutions.\n\nThe editors of this book have compiled informative articles on traditional knowledge from the Pacific that may provide solutions and ideas for problems facing modern society. To help create a clearer platform for conveying ideas about traditional wisdom, we have categorized the articles under five themes: Worldviews, Relationships and Social Cohesion, Harvest and Landscapes, Voyaging and Seascapes, and Art and Technology.

Lialiaci is a publication of the iTaukei Institute of Language and Culture, Ministry of iTaukei Affairs.\nLialiaci means to ponder or reflect upon deeply. That is the intent of these articles and perspectives on culture. \n\nThe Vanua Spirituality will attempt to explain the ancient spirituality of the indigenous people of Fiji. Indigenous spirituality is important because it describes in totality the significance of the Vanua, its worldview and vanua ethos. \n\nFijian Bread; The people of Qoma are fisherfolk, and part of their traditional role is the presentation of turtle accompanied with a basket of Fijian bread 'madrainiviti' to the chief of Verata and Dawasamu. Before the introduction of wheat bread in Fiji, their ancestors were enjoying traditional bread made out of fermented root crops.\n\nThe five Cultural Protected Water Body (CPWB) Types in Fiji; A total of five CPWB were found to be practiced in Fiji.\n