As of now, Bhutan is widely known in the world that stands out as a country in the world living traditions, rich traditions as well as daily unique practices by the people which evinces peculiarities of the Bhutanese culture. Thus, People of Bhutan not only take pride in its rich culture and traditional values which serves not only a national identity proving bondage within the people of the different communities in the country. Bhutanese culture gives identity that has protected and sustained independency between the two giant countries; Republic of China and India since time immemorial. Preservation of ICH has been one of the core objectives ever since the country had embraced the economic development plan in early 1960s.\n

Arts-ED is a Malaysian non-profit organization operating out of George Town, Penang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It aims to provide innovative community-based arts and culture education in both rural and urban communities. With programs focusing on the arts, culture, and heritage, Arts-ED uses creative educational approaches that encourage learning around real issues.

Khan-Uul Complex School is located in Kherlen Soum (district) of Dornod Province, which has four ethnic groups: the Khalkh, the Buryat, the Barga and the Uzemchin. For years, the school has been very active in promoting the intangible cultural heritage of the region and beyond, both through curricular and extra-curricular activities. It has developed several policies to support this process, such as incorporating ICH activities into the school annual work plan, adjusting teachers’ workloads to provide time for such activities, and creating suitable environments to foster student learning

Dong ho woodblock printing originated in Dong Ho Village, Song Ho Commune, Thuan Thanh District, Bac Ninh Province, about 35 km east of Hanoi. The colors, color processing, printing paper, woodblock carving, and manual printing techniques, as well as the skills of craftspeople give dong ho woodblock printing its famous “naïve soul.” Printing colors, paper, and woodblocks are handcrafted from natural materials. Each color is printed on a separate woodblock, so the number of woodblocks used depends on the number of colors needed. In a multicolor print, craftsmen print colors in the following order: red, green, white, yellow, and finally black. After applying each color, craftsmen hang paintings to dry before printing another color.

Jeonju is the most popular city in Korea for its traditional culture. Jeonju is ranked number one in terms of the number of living human treasures, the cultural heritage index, and the traditional cultural and art performance index, indicating that traditional culture is more actively practiced and performed in the city than any other city in the country. Against this backdrop, the Korean government designated Jeonju a traditional cultural city, and traditional culture has been at the heart of the urban-development strategies of Jeonju. The city’s rich traditional culture dates far back in history.

First, What areas are included in East Asia? This article deals with East Asian printing technology so it is necessary to give a thought on the area where printing technoloy was developed in pre-modern times. Even though there are differences depending on the order of time, countries where printing technology has developed are China and its neighboring countries such as Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Therefore, this article aims to look into characteristics in these countries, grouping them into East Asia category.\nSecond, what is the scope of printing technology? Printing is the technology for mass copy of texts. Human civilization of copying texts has evolved from oral transmission to transcription, from transcription to printing, from printing to digital copying. It has been only thousand years since printing began to be used in human society in earnest. Social needs drove a development of new technology, and craftsmen who has assimilated its knowledge and skills created new things. In other words, intangible needs and technology produced new tangible things. Diagraming of printing technology is as follows;\nSocial needs for printing → Craftsman and Technology → Woodblock or Movable - Type → Books\nIn this article, we will examine why printing technique was needed and what its social background in each area was, focusing on woodblocks and movable-type, two representative methods of printing technology in pre modern times.\n