Materials
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ICH Materials 129
Publications(Article)
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Community Empowerment through Promoting Intangible Cultural HeritageNagorik Uddyog (NU) was founded in 1995 by a group of nationally and internationally renowned Bangladeshi human rights activists and academics aiming to promote good gover- nance, access to justice, and the institutionalization of democracy at the local and national level. In the beginning, the organization worked on voter education programs and raised awareness among women that they could claim their rights from local government institutions and from the community. In this awareness-raising initiative, community cultural heritage properties like the Baul folk songs were used and earned immense popularity. Over a period of time, NU extended its activities across the country with specific focus on the rights of marginalized people, especially Dalit rights, land and human rights of Indigenous peoples, and access to justice for rural communities.Year2018NationSouth Korea
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THE MARITIME CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF YAP AND MARINE ECOLOGICAL CONSERVATIONThis paper and the presentation highlight the value of the Yapese fish weirs and how they, and the associated intangible cultural heritage can be used to assist modern-day approaches to marine ecological \nconservation, in addition to keeping traditional sustainable fishing practices alive.\n\nYap is located 840 km south west of Guam and 1,850 km east-south\u0002east of Manila. It consists of four volcanic islands (referred to as Yap Proper), seven small coralline islands and about 130 atolls forming the \n‘Outer Islands’ that cover about 800 km in the north west Pacific Ocean, all of which forms Yap state—one of the four States of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). \n\nOn the reef flat adjacent to the volcanic islands, the Yapese developed a harmonious, sustainable system of fishing that incorporated spiritual, social, cultural and environmental connectivity and awareness. This is of particular importance to the inshore fishery, which is a sensitive region for fish breeding, and needs to be well conserved, maintained and not overfished. The Yapese employed a number of cultural practices (living heritage) related to fishing, and created a number of tangible cultural heritage, and together they form the Yapese maritime cultural landscape. This system employed a number of fish traps and weirs, with the tidal stone-walled fish weirs—aech—surviving to this day.\n\nYap has now four Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Yapese are aware that fishing is currently not implemented in a sustainable manner and are declaring ‘no catch zones’ in certain marine areas. Many of the studies associated with the need for and development of MPAs are largely science based, with little relevance and benefit given to traditional fishing (cultural practices and the material cultural). Traditional fishing practices using traditional ecological knowledge were carried out sustainably for hundreds of years and the incorporation of this knowledge into MPA management should not be overlooked.Year2020NationSouth Korea
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3. 무형유산정보의 특성과 관련 지적재산권 정책 방향본 논문의 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 제2장에서는 무형문화유산의 의미와 고유한 특성에 대해 살펴보고, 무형유산정보의 유형과 특성 및 그 한계에 대해 살펴본다. 제3장에서는 무형유산정보에 관한 지적재산권의 유형과 특성을 살펴보고, 무형문화유산의 보호와 지적재산권 보호의 의미를 비교한 후, 지적재산권 보호의 한계에 대해 살펴본다. 제4장에서는 무형유산정보의 지적재산권 관리정책의 주요 쟁점과 관리사례를 살펴보고, 특히 공동체의 이해관계에 관한 쟁점들을 살펴보고자 한다.Year2013NationSouth Korea
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6. Developing Best Practice for Online Delivery of Ethnomusicological Recordings: Anecdotes from the British LibraryWhile recording and performance copyrights on some of the recordings has expired, the underlying works recorded in most cases fall into the categories of intangible cultural heritage featuring traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) not normally covered by legal copyright frameworks. With the growing interest among indigenous and traditional communities around the world in cultural reclamation and increased awareness among these communities of their cultural documents held in museums, libraries, and archives sometimes thousands of miles away, new frameworks for dealing with the unique intellectual property challenges these documents raise are required. This paper will describe the learning curve and outcomes of attempts at the BL to establish such workable frameworks and methods for legal and ethical inclusion of a large body of material for worldwide distribution on the BL Sounds website. The paper offers anecdotal reports and ideas for the development of best practice for dealing with intellectual property in this context.Year2013NationUnited Kingdom
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PUNNUK, THE TUGGING RITUAL IN HUNGDUAN, CLOSING AN AGRICULTURAL CYCLEIn Hungduan, Ifugao, three communities—Hapao, Baang, and Nungulunan—observe three post-harvest rituals, collectively known as huowah. Punnuk, an intense tugging match in the Hapao River, is the last of the three rituals.Year2014NationSouth Korea
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HIPAMS IndiaThe Heritage-sensitive Intellectual Property and Market Strategies (HIPAMS India) aims to investigate how developing ‘heritage-sensitive’ intellectual property protection strategies can give communities greater control over the commercialization of their heritage while contributing to its safeguarding and on-going viability.\n\nIntangible cultural heritage (ICH) practices, such as craft, dance, musical performance, storytelling, and painting, give communities a sense of identity and belonging. The sale of products created by ICH practices can also create jobs and income. However, many communities in developing countries like India experience significant difficulty preventing the appropriation of their heritage by others, for example through mechanization of production methods. Conventional intellectual property (IP) rights, such as copyright, patents, and design protection, offer limited protection to the authors of original creations or new inventions that cannot easily be used to protect cultural expressions whose authors are unknown, and that have been passed down through the generations, changing and adapting to new contexts. HIPAMS India engages with three Indian ICH practices—Baul and Fakiri music, Chau dance, and Patachitra tradition to investigate how developing ‘heritage-sensitive’ IP protection strategies can give communities greater control over the commercialization of their heritage while contributing to its safeguarding and on-going viability.\n\nHIPAMS India Operates under the Following Objectives\nAssess the impact of Contact Base’s AFL strategies on socio-economic development and ICH safeguarding in the identified communities and on market outreach.\nCo-create effective, replicable and scalable HIPAMS for use by these communities, based on this review process and research on similar case studies in other contexts.\nConsider the impact of implementing these HIPAMS on socio-economic development and ICH safeguarding and market penetration.\nDisseminate the findings in co-authored academic publications incorporating case studies from the project.\nTranslate research findings into policy briefs and workshop tools.\nThe project aims thereby to contribute to the sustainable development goals of Agenda 2030 by helping to build sustainable communities, protect and safeguard cultural heritage, enhance wellbeing, address income inequalities, promote economic empowerment (of women), and reduce poverty.\n\nVisit the HIPAMS India’s website to learn about its activities and download their marketing strategies toolkit.\n\nPhoto : Purulia mask © HIPAMSYear2020NationIndia
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Punnuk: Unwinding after the Harvest, the Tugging Ritual in the PhilippinesThe punnuk is a tugging ritual of the village folk from three communities in Hungduan, Ifugao in Northern Luzon, Philippines. It is performed at the confluence of Hapao River and a tributary as the final ritual after the rice harvest. Its consummation brings to a close an agricultural cycle and signals the beginning of a new one. \n\nThe punnuk is a ritual of pomp and revelry. Garbed in their predominantly red-col-ored attire of the Tuwali ethno-linguistic subgroup, the participants negotiate the terraced fields in a single file amidst lush greens under the blue skies. The tempo builds up as the participants reach the riverbank, each group positioned opposite the other. The excitement is sustained through the final tugging match, and the sinewy brawn of the participants is highlighted by the river’s rushing water.Year2019NationJapan,Cambodia,South Korea,Philippines,Ukraine,Viet Nam
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2. 무형문화유산의 보호 및 활용에 관한 법적 쟁점2003 UNESCO 무형문화유산보호협약(The Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage)에 의하면, ‘무형문화유산’이라 함은 개인, 집단 및 공동체들이 그들의 문화유산의 일부분으로 인식하는 실행, 표출, 표현, 지식 및 기술뿐 아니라 이와 관련된 전달 도구, 사물, 유물 및 문화 공간 모두를 의미한다. 나아가 무형문화유산의 범위와 관련하여 동협약은 ①무형문화유산의 전달수단으로서의 언어를 포함한 구전 전통 및 표현, ②공연 예술, ③사회적 관습·의식 및 제전, ④자연과 우주에 대한 지식 및 관행, ⑤전통공예기술을 예시적으로 나열하고 있다.\n\n이러한, 무형문화유산은 세대를 거쳐 사용·경험에 의하여 전승되어 온 ‘정보’로써, 사용되는 과정에서 개량(innovation)이 추가된다. 이러한 개량은 무형문화유산의 본질을 변화시키지 않는 범위 내에서 그 가치를 증가시키는 행위이고, 전통이라고 하는 본질은 계속 유지된다.4) 따라서 무형문화유산은 전통성과 동시에 날마다 생성된다고 하는 현대성을 갖는다. 이러한 무형문화유산의 특성은 무형문화유산의 지적재산권제도에 의한 보호를 곤란하게 하는 요인이다. 또한 이러한 유산의 대부분은 공유(公有, public domain)에 해당할 것이다.5) 기존 유산을 개량하는 경우, 개량된 부분은 사적영역(private domain)이 되기도 하지만 다시 관행을 통하여 공유가 된다. 무형문화유산은 전통지식(Traditional Knowledge), 전통문화표현물(TCEs/EoF; Traditional Cultural Expressions/Expression of Folklore)과 마찬가지로 인류의 공동유산(common heritage)으로 취급되어 그 “보전”에 초점이 맞추어져 왔다.\n\n전통지식(Traditional Knowledge)은 광의로 사용되는 경우와 협의로 사용되는 경우가 있다. 협의의 전통지식이란 “자연과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것 중에서 집단에 의하여 세대를 거쳐 배양된 농업적 지식, 과학적 지식, 기술적 지식, 생태학적 지식, 의학적 지식 및 생물다양성에 관한 지식의 총체”를 말하며 기술적 측면이 강하다. 현재 WIPO에서는 전통문화표현물의 개념을 포함하는 “광의의 전통지식”의 보호에 대하여 논의되고 있다. 특히, 유전자원과 밀접한 관계가 있는 “협의의 전통지식”은 특허와 관련하여 논의되고 있다. 광의의 전통지식이란 협의의 전통지식에 전통문화표현물의 표현, 언어적 요소(지리적 표시), 심볼, 동산문화재(미술공예품·민속자료·역사적 자료) 등을 추가한 것을 말한다.8) 한편, 최광의 개념으로 사용되는 유산(heritage)은 “광의의 전통지식” 뿐만 아니라 인간의 유전자정보, 성지와 유적·사적지 등과 같은 문화재, 선주민의 생활을 기록한 사진 영화 등을 포함하는 매우 넓은 개념이다. 본래 인류의 공동유산은 자유로이 접근, 이용할 수 있는 것으로 취급되어 왔으나, 최근 선진국가의 기업이 풍부한 경험, 정보 및 자금력을 바탕으로 인류의 공동유산을 소재로 하여 연구개발을 행하고 있으며, 그 연구성과를 지적재산권화하는 사례가 발생하고 있다.Year2013NationSouth Korea
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5. 국가기록원의 민간기록물 정보관리 체계와 저작권 대응본 글에서는 우선 국가기록원에서 소장한 민간기록물의 수집 현황과 특징, 그리고 이것들의 기록정보 관리 체계와 서비스 현황을 알아보도록 하겠다. 또 국가기록원에서 실제로 추진하는 기록정보의 저작권 관리와 운영 실태를 검토해보도록 하겠다. 이를 통해 민간기록물과 저작권 측면에 대한 활발한 논의를 이끌어 낼 수 있다면 향후 증대할 민간기록물의 수집과 더불어 이용 활성화를 위한 효율적인 저작권 운영 방안이 모색되는 계기가 되지 않을까 하는 바람이다.Year2013NationSouth Korea
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VARIETY AND MEANING IN JULDARIGI, KOREAN TUG-OF-WARDuring Dan-o, Daeboreum, and Chuseok, pre-modern Koreans used to hold celebrations composed of rituals to the communal deity, communal games, and various folk arts. Among the communal games, the tug-of-war was the most common. It was widely distributed around the central southern region of Korea and played simultaneously or in rotation with other communal games.Year2014NationSouth Korea
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MAINSTREAMING INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE PROGRAMS OF THE USTGS-CCCPETThe University of Santo Tomas-Graduate School Center for Conservation of Cultural Property and the Environment in the Tropics (USTGS-CCCPET) was established in 2003 primarily to advance research and advocacy on heritage conservation and sustainable development. At a time when heritage was at risk all over the world, pressured by globalization, climate change, migration, tourism, and terrorism, the search for memory and identity became more pronounced and more assertive.Year2017NationSouth Korea
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Growing Significance of Nomadic Cultural Heritage in the Sustainable Development of Mongolian SocietyThe Foundation for the Protection of Natural and Cultural Heritage is a UNESCO-accredited NGO located in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It was established in 2000 with the objectives of protecting and safeguarding various natural and cultural heritage elements, including intangible heritage values, and carrying out various activities for researching, studying, and promoting natural and cultural heritage properties and ICH values.Year2018NationSouth Korea