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ICH Elements 2
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Traditional craftsmanship of the Mongol Ger and its associated customs
For thousands of years, nomadic herders of Mongolia roamed across the country-side from season to season. Dry, windy areas close to rivers are best for summers while areas away from river-bank wind and close to mountains or hills are best for winter stays. In the country where pasture always was and still is a public domain, the herders moved freely to the best locations for the season. With this lifestyle of freedom of movement and pastoral animal husbandry was invented the national dwelling called the ‘Mongol ger’. It is a round structure of easily dismantle-able walls, polls and a round ceiling covered with canvas and felt, tightened with ropes. The ger was designed to be light enough for Mongolian nomads to carry, flexible enough to fold-up, pack and assemble, sturdy enough for multiple dismantling and assembling as well as easy for regulating temperatures within. Over many centuries the mongol ger was modified into a perfectly aerodynamic structure which can withstand Mongolia's fierce spring winds ranging up to 18-20 meter/sec. It can be dismantled in half an hour and assembled in an hour by a small family with 2-3 adults. The Mongol ger has many varieties. The most common “5-wall ger” consists of five lattice segments forming a circular wall, a door, a toono (round window ceiling), two bagana (columns that hold the toono), and 88 uni(long poles that connect wall lattices and toono which forms the roof of the ger). There are also several accessories attached to the ger.
Mongolia 2013 -
Knowledge and skills in making yurta-marquee
O'TOV (yurta-marquee) - mobile home, residence; the main residence of nomadic, semi-nomadic peoples. It is made of light raw materials (mainly wood) in a conical shape: a circular grill consists of a wall and a top part, covered with felt; therefore it is called "house", "felt house". A hearth is placed in the middle of the fire, and the interior is divided into parts (women's part, men's part, etc.) in a unique way. O'tov, which is the same in terms of structure, differs in appearance (decoration), height, and size. The word "Otov" was used to refer to houses built for brides, often covered with new white felt; white cloth is covered over new felt, decorated with white ropes. More luxurious O'tov is called "white house". Ordinary Otovs, often restored Otovs for household needs, are called "black houses". In historical written sources, it is noted that O'tov existed in the peoples living in Central Asia and South Siberia since ancient times, and even in the Middle Ages, O'tov was used to sew large four-wheeled carts. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Otov was present in several peoples of Central Asia and Central Asia, South Siberia, as well as Mongols and others. As a result of the settlement of peoples, O'tov partially lost its importance; mainly shepherds use it as a comfortable shelter.
Uzbekistan
ICH Materials 10
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Knowledge and skills in making yurta-marquee
O'TOV (yurta-marquee) - mobile home, residence; the main residence of nomadic, semi-nomadic peoples. It is made of light raw materials (mainly wood) in a conical shape: a circular grill consists of a wall and a top part, covered with felt; therefore it is called "house", "felt house". A hearth is placed in the middle of the fire, and the interior is divided into parts (women's part, men's part, etc.) in a unique way. O'tov, which is the same in terms of structure, differs in appearance (decoration), height, and size. The word "Otov" was used to refer to houses built for brides, often covered with new white felt; white cloth is covered over new felt, decorated with white ropes. More luxurious O'tov is called "white house". Ordinary Otovs, often restored Otovs for household needs, are called "black houses". In historical written sources, it is noted that O'tov existed in the peoples living in Central Asia and South Siberia since ancient times, and even in the Middle Ages, O'tov was used to sew large four-wheeled carts. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Otov was present in several peoples of Central Asia and Central Asia, South Siberia, as well as Mongols and others. As a result of the settlement of peoples, O'tov partially lost its importance; mainly shepherds use it as a comfortable shelter.\n
Uzbekistan -
Knowledge and skills in making yurta-marquee
O'TOV (yurta-marquee) - mobile home, residence; the main residence of nomadic, semi-nomadic peoples. It is made of light raw materials (mainly wood) in a conical shape: a circular grill consists of a wall and a top part, covered with felt; therefore it is called "house", "felt house". A hearth is placed in the middle of the fire, and the interior is divided into parts (women's part, men's part, etc.) in a unique way. O'tov, which is the same in terms of structure, differs in appearance (decoration), height, and size. The word "Otov" was used to refer to houses built for brides, often covered with new white felt; white cloth is covered over new felt, decorated with white ropes. More luxurious O'tov is called "white house". Ordinary Otovs, often restored Otovs for household needs, are called "black houses". In historical written sources, it is noted that O'tov existed in the peoples living in Central Asia and South Siberia since ancient times, and even in the Middle Ages, O'tov was used to sew large four-wheeled carts. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Otov was present in several peoples of Central Asia and Central Asia, South Siberia, as well as Mongols and others. As a result of the settlement of peoples, O'tov partially lost its importance; mainly shepherds use it as a comfortable shelter.\n
Uzbekistan
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Traditional Craftsmanship of the Mongolian Ger and Associated Customs
Traditional Craftsmanship of the Mongolian Ger and Associated Customs (Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, 2013)\nThe Mongolian ger is composed of wooden frames, canvas, and ropes. The wooden frames comprise the crown, roof poles, wall lattices, door, and two pillars; each wooden element is produced by separate, specialized carpenters. The traditional craftsmanship of the Mongol ger reflects the nomadic culture and national identity of Mongolia.
Mongolia 2017 -
Mongolia The Story of Ger in the Grasslands (Highlight)
The Mongolian ger is composed of wooden frames, canvas, and ropes. The wooden frames comprise the crown, roof poles, wall lattices, door, and two pillars; each wooden element is produced by separate, specialized carpenters. The traditional craftsmanship of the Mongol ger reflects the nomadic culture and national identity of Mongolia.
Mongolia 2017
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Mongolian Culture and HeritageThe culture of the Central Asian steppes expresses itself vividly in the lifestyle of traditional nomadic practices. Mongolian culture has been in practice in the nomadic life and the traditions surrounding the nomad’s home (ger). And it is present in religious celebrations, national festivals, art and crafts, music and dance, language and literature, which form the backbone of Mongolian intangible cultural heritage of Mongolia. Mongolia is filled with valuable cultural properties and intangible cultural heritage of humanity that have been kept or practiced for thousands of years.\n\nGer, Mongolian Traditional Dwelling\nThe traditional architecture of the Mongols differed strongly from that of the settled peoples of Asia and other continents. Centuries ago, there the ger, also known as a yurt, appeared. It still offers shelter to nomads in particular places in Central Asia. Its development and fundamental principles are determined by the specific features of the way of life of Mongol tribes, which made it necessary to evolve a light and collapsible structure to be used as a dwelling or for public functions.\n\nMongolian Language and Literature\nMongolian is the language of most of the Mongolian population and inner Mongolia. By origin, Mongolian is one of the Altaic family of languages, and the history of the Mongolian language is long and complicated. Significant literary work of early Mongolia includes The Secret History of the Mongols, which was published in 1228).\n\nMongolian Religion and Beliefs\nThe Mongols have practiced several religions, of which Shamanism and Buddhism were the most common. The faith in Mongolia is Buddhism, though the state and religion were separated during the socialist period, but with the transition to the parliamentary republic in the 1990s, there has been a general revival of faiths across the country\n\nMongolian Art and Crafts\nMongolian arts and crafts have been passed down across generations from the Paleolithic times to today, leaving behind deep impressions on all facets of life and conscious, aesthetic, and philosophical thinking. Highly developed Mongolian arts and crafts come from the second millennium BCE. The works included sculptured heads of wild animals with exaggerated features. Other items include knives, daggers, and other items of practical and religious use.\n\nMongolian Music and Dance\nMusic is an integral part of Mongolian culture. Among Mongolia’s unique contributions to the world’s musical culture are the long songs, overtone singing, and morin khuur (the horse-headed fiddle). The music of Mongolia is also rich with varieties related to the various ethnic groups of the country. Among the most popular forms of modern music in Mongolia are Western pop and rock genres and the mass songs written by contemporary authors in the form of folk songs.\n\nHorse Culture of Mongolia\nIt is famously known that horses play a large role in the Mongols’ daily and national lives. Common sayings are, “A Mongol without a horse is like a bird without wings,” and “Mongols are born on horseback” these are arguably true words. Even today, horse-based culture is still practiced by nomadic Mongolians.\n\nVisit https://www.toursmongolia.com/tours for additional information about Mongolian culture.\n\nPhoto 1 : Prairie meadow grass inner Mongolia traditional clothing © Batzaya Choijiljav\nPhoto 2~7 : © Batzaya ChoijiljavYear2020NationMongolia
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PRACTICE OF CONSTRUCTING THE MONGOLIAN GERThe ger, a traditional dwelling created by nomadic Mongolians, is specifically designed to fit their way of life. Its semi- sphere shape helps the ger endure storms and tempests. It has solutions for heat control and ventilation. It is flexible in terms of size and design, and it is portable and lightweight. At the same time, it is also comfortable to live in and easy to build and dismantle. Moreover, the ger is used as a measure for time and directions.Year2013NationSouth Korea