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Traditional Fijian Bread - Madrainiviti
The word ‘madrai’ is an old fijian terminology refereing to a traditional food with its unique process, prepared at particular seasons, and certain parts of Fiji regard it as traditonal obligations. The vanua Nabulebulewa at Qoma island Fiji are fisherfolks, and part of their traditional role is the presentation of turtle accomapnied with a basket of madrainiviti. Sailasa Naisele of Qoma mentioned the word ‘madrã’ is a verb, meaning to pinch out madrainiviti from the davuke (food pit) while leaving the rest for later. Traditional fermented bread in Fiji has significantly declined over the years. This is different from the bread also called madrai which is baked and sold nowadays. Before the introduction of wheat bread, our forefathers were already enjoying their traditional bread. Upon its arrival and its wide consumption, the wheat bread now adopts the name madrai while the traditional bread has extended its name into madrainiviti. Fermanted fruits and crops are preserved food for post-disasters and food sacristy (Dau, 1986), also for drought and can be preserved up to 4 years (Pollock, 1984). Bread fermentation varies in Fiji. Bila (fermentaed cassava) and sikiviro (fermented Tahitian chestnuts) are commonly practiced for commercial purpose nowadays.

#traditional fijian bread #madrainiviti #fiji #qoma

Fiji

Traditional knowledge related to the wood carving and wood product manufacture
Wood carving and wood product manufacture among the Kyrgyz originated in ancient times. An example is the manufacture of wooden parts of the yurt, komuz, which have become the pinnacle of the handicraft creativity of the people. Modern travelers are very familiar with the Kyrgyz yurt, construction of which is made only of wood by the true masters. Wood items decorated with carvings and paintings have been harmoniously fit into the complex of interior of the yurt. These are chests ‘sandyk’, wooden bases on which felt mats, carpets and bedding items are placed; coffrets for food, cloth and horse gear hangers ‘ala bakan’; boxes for dishes, stirrer for kymyz ‘pishkek’, biler for drinks and other liquids, wooden blocks for lamps – ‘chirak paya’. Woodworks are done by the men named as ‘jygach usta’. Materials used for different woodworks depend on elasticity or firmness of the wooden species: birch, cottonwood, sump-weed, juniper or nut-tree. They are cut easily and flexible enough to get desired shape. Instruments used in woodworks are: saw, adze, single bitted axe, knife, hewing with blade in the form of groove, hatchet with plane, wood auger, strop used to make walls of the yurt.

#wood carving #woodworking #wood product manufacture #birch #cottonwood #sump-weed #juniper #nut-tree

Kyrgyzstan

Mongolian calligraphy
Mongolian calligraphy is the technique of handwriting in the Classical Mongolian script, which comprises ninety letters connected vertically by continuous strokes to create words. The letters are formed from six main strokes, known as head, tooth, stem, stomach, bow and tail, respectively. Mongolian calligraphy expresses ancient traditional literature, culture, knowledge, intellectual education and innate human sensuality through the brush strokes used in writing the Classical Mongolian script. It requires an equal combination of hand, eye and mental artistry and skill, using brush, ink, paper and strop. This calligraphic art is used for the distinct, vertically written Mongolian script comprising several patterns of writing: ancient, meticulous, stenography, ornamental and stylized. Traditionally, mentors select the best students and train them to be calligraphers over a period of five to eight years.

#calligraphy #handwriting #script #brush #ink #paper #strop

Mongolia 2013

Mongolian calligraphy
Mongolian calligraphy is the technique of handwriting in the Classical Mongolian script, which comprises ninety letters connected vertically by continuous strokes to create words. The letters are formed from six main strokes, known as head, tooth, stem, stomach, bow and tail, respectively. Mongolian calligraphy expresses ancient traditional literature, culture, knowledge, intellectual education and innate human sensuality through the brush strokes used in writing the Classical Mongolian script. It requires an equal combination of hand, eye and mental artistry and skill, using brush, ink, paper and strop. This calligraphic art is used for the distinct, vertically written Mongolian script comprising several patterns of writing: ancient, meticulous, stenography, ornamental and stylized. Traditionally, mentors select the best students and train them to be calligraphers over a period of five to eight years.

#calligraphy #handwriting #script #brush #ink #paper #strop

Mongolia 2013

Mongolian calligraphy
Mongolian calligraphy is the technique of handwriting in the Classical Mongolian script, which comprises ninety letters connected vertically by continuous strokes to create words. The letters are formed from six main strokes, known as head, tooth, stem, stomach, bow and tail, respectively. Mongolian calligraphy expresses ancient traditional literature, culture, knowledge, intellectual education and innate human sensuality through the brush strokes used in writing the Classical Mongolian script. It requires an equal combination of hand, eye and mental artistry and skill, using brush, ink, paper and strop. This calligraphic art is used for the distinct, vertically written Mongolian script comprising several patterns of writing: ancient, meticulous, stenography, ornamental and stylized. Traditionally, mentors select the best students and train them to be calligraphers over a period of five to eight years.

#calligraphy #handwriting #script #brush #ink #paper #strop

Mongolia

Mongolian calligraphy
Mongolian calligraphy is the technique of handwriting in the Classical Mongolian script, which comprises ninety letters connected vertically by continuous strokes to create words. The letters are formed from six main strokes, known as head, tooth, stem, stomach, bow and tail, respectively. Mongolian calligraphy expresses ancient traditional literature, culture, knowledge, intellectual education and innate human sensuality through the brush strokes used in writing the Classical Mongolian script. It requires an equal combination of hand, eye and mental artistry and skill, using brush, ink, paper and strop. This calligraphic art is used for the distinct, vertically written Mongolian script comprising several patterns of writing: ancient, meticulous, stenography, ornamental and stylized. Traditionally, mentors select the best students and train them to be calligraphers over a period of five to eight years.

#calligraphy #handwriting #script #brush #ink #paper #strop

Mongolia

Mongolian calligraphy
Mongolian calligraphy is the technique of handwriting in the Classical Mongolian script, which comprises ninety letters connected vertically by continuous strokes to create words. The letters are formed from six main strokes, known as head, tooth, stem, stomach, bow and tail, respectively. Mongolian calligraphy expresses ancient traditional literature, culture, knowledge, intellectual education and innate human sensuality through the brush strokes used in writing the Classical Mongolian script. It requires an equal combination of hand, eye and mental artistry and skill, using brush, ink, paper and strop. This calligraphic art is used for the distinct, vertically written Mongolian script comprising several patterns of writing: ancient, meticulous, stenography, ornamental and stylized. Traditionally, mentors select the best students and train them to be calligraphers over a period of five to eight years.

Mongolia

strop