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Manage No, Sortation, Country, Writer ,Date, Copyright Manage No EE00002121 Country Republic of Korea ICH Domain Performing Arts Address Jeollabuk-doYear of Designation 1988.08.01
Description | [National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea] As nongak (farmers’ music) that has been handed down in Pilbong, Imsil, Imsil Pilbong Nongak belongs to Honam Jwado Nongak (Farmers’ Performance of the Western Jeolla-do). Simple farmers’ music such as that performed on occasions like dangsangut (rite to village guardian) or madang bapgi (treading on the courtyard) had been handed down in this village. The music is said to have become sophisticated around 1920 when the villagers started learning the performing skills from Park Hak-sam, who served as sangsoe (leader of a farmers’ music troupe). The members of a farmer’s music troupe wear white jacket and trousers, with blue vest over the jacket and bands in three colors tied to the head. As for the headgear, only the soejabi (gong player) wears sangmo (hat with feathers or strings attached); others wear gokkal (conical hat). A farmer’s music troupe is composed of yonggi (dragon flag), nonggi (farmers’ flag), long soenabal (trumpet), samul [four percussion instruments, i.e., two kkwaenggwari (small gongs), two jing (large gongs), two buk (drums), and four janggo (hourglass-shaped drums)], beopgo (Buddhist drum), japsaek [referring to a group composed of yangban (nobleman), daeposu (drummer), jorijung (masked clown), changbu (male clown), gaksi (young girl), hwadong (young girl) and mudong (dancing boys)]. The local farmers’ music has many versions according to different occasions: maegut (village ritual held on New Year's Eve on the lunar calendar), madang bapgi, dangsanjegut (rite to village guardians), duregut (performance for villagers’ unity), and pangut (entertainment-oriented performance). Among them, Pangut showcases the best artistic quality. The Yeongsan rhythms contained in the local farmer’s music in Imsil are slow with have many variations, such as gajin yeongsan, dadeuraegi yeongsan, mijigi yeongsan, jaeneomgi yeongsan, gunyeong nori yeongsan, etc. The local farmer’s music in Pilbong, Imsil features clear-cut rhythms of kkwaenggwari (small gongs), powerful/gallant rhythms, and emphasis on teamwork rather than individuals’ skills. |
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Type of UNESCO List | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
Incribed year in UNESCO List | 2014 |
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EE00002118
Pyeongtaek Nongak (Farmers' Performance of Pyeongtaek)
[National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea] Farm music performed when farmers are working while helping each other, by forming a cooperative farming team, in a broad sense, refers to music performed when people march, work, hold ceremonies, and enjoy games while beating small gongs, gongs, hourglass drums, and drums. Pyeongtaek has broad fields brimming with farm products called Sosaet, which has become an important foundation of Pyeongtaek Nongak. In addition, Cheongnyongsa Temple close to Pyeongtaek was a stronghold of Sadangpae where farm music made considerable progress. Thus, Pyeongtaek Nongak has the characteristics of geollippae (fund-raising troupe) Nongak as well as Durae Nongak. Small gongs, gongs, hourglass drums, drums, and Buddhist drums are used in farm music. The music team is composed of flagmen, buglers, lead gong player, other gong players, hourglass drum players, kids, jungae, and nobelmen. The number of gongs and drums in Pyeongtaek Nongak is less than that in other regions. There is no distinction between small drum and Buddhist drum. The tone is clear and is characterized by song gut. Besides, its “Gilgunakchilchae” is seen only in Gyeonggi-do Farm Music.
Republic of Korea 2014 -
EE00000171
Nongak, community band music, dance and rituals in the Republic of Korea
[Inscribed in 2014 (9.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity] Nongak is a fusion performing art genre that combines a percussion ensemble (with occasional use of wind instruments), parading, dancing, drama, and acrobatic feats. It has been practiced for various purposes, such as appeasing gods, chasing evil spirits and seeking blessings, praying for a rich harvest in spring, celebrating the harvest at autumn festivals, fund-raising for community projects, and professional entertainment. Any joyful community event was never complete without uproarious music and dance performed by the local band clad in colorful costumes. The resultant ecstatic excitement (sinmyeong) is often defined as a preeminent emotional characteristic of Korean people. The music frequently uses uneven beats of complex structures like simple three-time, compound time, and simple and compound time. Small hand-held gongs and hourglass drums, with their metal and leather sounds, play the main beats, while large gongs and barrel drums create simple rhythmic accents. The small hand-held drum players focus more on dancing than playing music. Dancing includes individual skill demonstrations, choreographic formations, and streamer dances. Actors wearing masks and peculiar outfits perform funny skits. Acrobatics include dish spinning and miming antics by child dancers carried on the shoulders of adult performers. Nongak was most often performed and enjoyed by grassroots people, but there were also professional groups putting on entertainment shows. In recent years, professional repertoires have evolved into the percussion quartet “Samul Nori” and the non-verbal theatrical show “Nanta,” dramatically emphasizing the music element and thereby appealing to broader audiences at home and from abroad.
Republic of Korea 2014