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Manage No DI00001450 Country Republic of Korea Author ICHCAP, KF ASEAN Culture House Published Year 2023 Language English Copyright Attach File Preview (ENG)
Description | Talchum, the Korean mask dance, is a unique art form that combines Korean history, tradition, faith, and folk elements. Talchum satirizes the lives of ordinary people and yangban, the aristocratic class. The Tal (mask), which depicts characters in the stories, implies characteristics and meanings of each region. In this section, thirteen mask dance dramas of the Republic of Korea inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2022 are introduced. |
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Gangnyeong Talchum (Mask Dance Drama of Gangnyeong)
[National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea] Talchum (mask dance) was performed across the country up to the early Joseon Period (1392 – 1910). Gangnyeong Talchum (Mask Dance Drama of Gangneung) is a type of Sandae Dogamgeuk, which was performed at the Royal Palace. After the mask dance drama came to be no longer performed there by 1634 (the 12th year of King Injo’s reign), it was still enjoyed as a pastime by ordinary people. The Mask Dance Drama of Gangnyeong is performed on Dano (May 5 on the lunar calendar) in Gangnyeong-eup, Hwanghaenam-do, and dates perhaps from the late Joseon Period. The event is composed of seven acts, Lion Dance, Malttugi Dance, Mokjung Dance, Sangjwa Dance, Dance of the Nobleman and Malttugi, Dance of Chwibari and the Old Monk, and Dance of the Old Couple. Prior to the performance, the 20 members of the troupe march, playing music to entertain spectators along the road. The play includes satire about such issues as nobles harassing commoners, depraved monks, and male chauvinism as shown in the custom of allowing a man to take plural wives. Dance movements are slow. The main dance is Jangsamchum (Long Sleeve Dance). The rhythms used are dodeuri, taryeong, and jajin gutgeori. Thirty-plus types of narration are used, each of them using its unique rhythm. The parts concerning three brothers of a noble family talking about the essentials of the noble class or calling Malttugi, or Malttugi’s gag are similar to those of Ogwangdae (Mask Dance Drama) of Gyeongnam-do. The scene of an old female clown turning a spinning wheel is similar to that of Ogwangdae of Gasan. These similarities have a very important significance in the handing-down of mask dance in the country. Performers wearing masks displaying realistic facial expressions and engaging in elegant and slow dancing movements are features of Gangnyeong Talchum, which distinguish it from Bongsan Talchum, another kind of mask dance performed in Hwanghae-do.
Republic of Korea -
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Gasan Ogwangdae (Mask Dance Drama of Gasan)
[National Intangible Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea] Ogwangdae refers to a mask dance played in southern areas. “O” in the name Ogwangdae is said to have stemmed from Ohaengseol (Five Element Theories). This was one of the rites villagers performed at the beginning of the year in the lunar calendar. On the night of the New Year’s Day, people held the rite of Cheollyongje (Rite to the Heavenly Dragon). On the night of the year’s first full moon (January 15 on the lunar calendar), they performed jisin bapgi (“earth spirit treading”) followed by the Ogwangdae Dance. Gasan Ogwangdae is composed of six acts, Obangsin (Deities of the Five Directions)’s Dance, Yeongno Dance, Leper’s Dance, Nobleman’s Dance, Monk’s Dance, and Dance of the Old Couple. The play includes satire about nobles harassing commoners, depraved monks, and male chauvinism as it appears in the custom of allowing a man to take multiple wives. Gasan Ogwangdae Nori is distinguished from the versions performed in other areas, as it includes Obangsin’s Dance with the story that the husband dies at the end of the play unlike the other versions in which the wife dies. One or two lepers appear in the other versions, but this one, performed in Gasan-ri, Chukdong-myeon, Sacheon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, has five lepers who dance, sing, and engage in tujeon nori (card game).
Republic of Korea
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Andong Hahoe Byeolshin Gut Tal Game
Show the excellence of Korean traditional culture to the world and promoting talchum to broader audience
Republic of Korea -
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Andong Hahoe Byeolshin Gut Tal Game
Show the excellence of Korean traditional culture to the world and promoting talchum to broader audience
Republic of Korea -
PI00007548
Gangneung Danoje Festival
The annual Gangneung Danoje Festival takes place in the town of Gangneung and its surroundings, situated east of the Taebaek Mountain Range on the Korean peninsula.The festival includes a shamanistic ritual on the Daegwallyeong Ridge, which pays tribute to the mountain deity and male and female tutelary deities. It encompasses traditional music and Odokddegi folk songs, the Gwanno mask drama, oral narrative poetry, and various popular pastimes. The Nanjang market, Korea’s largest outdoor marketplace, is today a major element of the festival, where local products and handicrafts are sold and contests, games and circus performances take place. The four-week long festival begins with the brewing of a sacred liquor and the Dano shamanistic rituals, in which a central role is played by a sacred tree, the sinmok, and the hwagae, a ritual object made of feathers, bells and bamboo wood. One of the specific features of the festival is the coexistence of Confucian, shamanistic and Buddhist rituals. Through the rituals devoted to the deities, the region is believed to remain unaffected by natural disasters, allowing all its residents to live in peace and prosperity.
Republic of Korea